*
Spain: 1519 - 1821
The first explorations into Texas were by the Spanish. The first was
a map making expedition in 1519 led by Alfonso Alvarez de Pineda and
Cabeza de Vaca. Soon after came explorers Francisco Vasquez de Coronoda
in 1540 and Jaun de Onate in 1601.
*
France: 1685 - 1690
French explorer Robert La Salle established Fort St. Louis on Matagorda
Bay. He was hoping to start a settlement in the French Louisiana Territory
at the mouth of the Mississippi River. Not realizing he was so far off,
150 people landed on the banks of the Garcitas Creek. Life was extremely
hard and their numbers slowly dwindled to about 40 by 1687. La Salle
left for the Great Lakes for French re-enforcements but was killed by
his own men on the journey. The few remaining inhabitants of Fort St.
Louis were all killed by Karankawa Indians in 1689.
La
Salle Lesson Plans
*
Mexico: 1821 - April 21, 1836 - San Jacinto Day
In 1821 Mexico gained independence from Spain and the region of Texas
became part of Mexico. The Austin family received a grant to settle
300 US citizens in the new territory. These settlers were led by Stephen
F. Austin. Many more soon followed. Santa Anna was elected governor
of Mexico in 1832 and soon after sent troops into Texas to force martial
law. The Texans first rebelled at Goliad in 1835. A troop of Mexican
soldiers had come to get their cannon and the Texians refused - making
a flag that said "Come and Take it!" The Texians then took over
the city of San Antonio. On March 2, 1836 at the town of Washington
on the Brazos, a group of 59 representatives voted to declare Texas
independence. Just 4 days later, on March the 6th, Santa Anna led his
army to the Alamo where he had all survivors executed. He marched on
to Goliad and had everyone shot there as well. General Sam Houston and
his army of Texians faced their final battle with Santa Anna along the
banks of Buffalo Bayou. They fought and won independence for Texas at
the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836.
*
The Republic of Texas: 1836 - 1845
Sam Houston was elected the first president of the Republic of Texas.
The small town of Waterloo was chosen to be the capitol and it was renamed
Austin - in honor of Stepehen F. Austin. The last president of the Republic
of Texas was elected in 1844 - Anson Jones. He ruled just 1 year before
Texas joined the United States.
*
Confederate States: 1861 - 1865
When the Civil War broke out in 1861, The State of Texas decided to
join with the Southern Confederate states. Governor Sam Houston resigned
and refused to swear allegiance with the Confederates. The news of the
1863 Emancipation Proclamation did not reach Texas until June 19th,
1865. The last battle of the Civil War was fought at Brownsville on
May 11, 1865 - a month after the formal surrender of General Lee at
Appomattox. Texas was readmitted to the Union on March 30, 1870.
*
United States: 1845 - 1861 and 1870 - present
In 1845 Texas became the 28th state of the US. The US president at the
time was James K. Polk. In a special ceremony J. Pinckney Henderson
became the first governor of the State of Texas.
Anson Jones was the last president of the Republic of Texas. In the
changing of the flags ceremony he said, "The final act in this
great drama is now performed, the Republic of Texas is no more."
***
